Old yet modern American institution.和old yet moder
我感谢陆登庭校长邀请我来到你们这座美国古老而又现代化的学府。IwishtothankPresidentRudenstineforinviting...
2024-12-15
新托福口语考试一共有6道标题,分为两种方法:独立型和归纳型。今日咱们要谈论的是口语的第六题,即归纳型标题里的最终一道。不一样于第一和第二道标题的纯口语答复,也不一样于归纳型标题中第三和第四道标题里的听读联系,第六题需求考生先听一篇关于某论题的学术讲座,然后归纳从讲座中获取的信息,一般是某个科学概念或许表象。今日咱们将联系真题,就第六道题的考点及答题要害进行深化的谈论。
一、查询方向
新托福口语的第六道题,一般被考生视为难度最大的一道,就是因为它的查询方法--总结听到的1-2分钟的学术讲座。难点体如今两个方面:1. 朴实的听力内容使听力较弱的考生莫衷一是;2. 学术讲座的专业性太强,假定考生不了解讲座的方向,会听得云里雾里。朗阁海外考试研讨中心分析认为,其实此题也是有章可循的:讲座一般环绕一个学术概念打开,然后给出此概念的界说,并运用具体的比方来对此概念进行弥补,或给出实验的进程来证明此科学概念的科学性;或许,会环绕着一个科学表象打开,继而给启航生此表象的缘由以及影响。因而,常见的发问方法如下:
1.Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.
2.Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two types of motivation.
3.Using the examples from the talk, explain how persuasive strategies are used in advertising.
4.Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about the mathematical abilities of babies.
前两种发问办法常呈如今概念--界说型的讲座中,然后两种发问办法常出先在实验型的讲座中。备考的考生须知,在听讲座的进程中,是看不到疑问的。在讲座结束后,屏幕上会闪现如上的疑问,一起会有narrator将疑问读出,以便考生了解标题中要害词的读音。
二、评分标准
那么考官是如何评分的呢?《新托福口语考试官方攻略》指出第六题的评分标准是:考生需要充分展示自个的言语表达(发音)和言语运用(语法及词汇)才能,能“无缺地答复疑问”。许多考生在规则时刻内无法结束答复,因为他们在概念总结上花费了太多的时刻。若答复“遗失要害信息”或“没有对重要信息打开论说”,那么评分人会只给2分。记住,第六题想要得高分,考生的答复要持续(很少或许没有不恰当的中止)而且联接(逻辑流通),简略使人了解。
三、讲座内容
Task 6的讲座一般为90-120秒,有些论题可以持续的时刻更长,会跨越2分钟。在讲座中,教授一般会先介绍一个概念或表象,然后一般情况下,会用两个比方或许两个下级分类来进行深化的说明。而有关于一个实验进程的讲座可以会描绘一个进程的两个进程。在叙说一件作业的讲座中,教授可以会描绘一个作业的前因成果。在关于某科学社会理论的讲座中,教授则会举出一些比方来阐
明这一理论在往常日子中起的作用及对我们往常日子发生的影响。
因为第六道标题是朴实的听力讲座而没有阅览材料,那么讲座中的首要内容一般情况下是会在第一句话中体现出来的。有时分教授会非常直接显着地址明论题,例如:Today we’ll talk about how companies determine the initial prices for their products. 然后教授会叙说首要概念触及的进程或许根来历理及举例。
讲座结束后,考生将听到并在电脑屏幕上看到标题。如上文所示,第六题的标题会需求考生说明讲座所谈论的中心概念。因为此有些没有阅览内容,相较于Task 3和Task 4, 考生只需20秒的预备时刻,在此时刻,考生可根据自个的笔记进行思考和预备。在听到“哔”的提示声后,考生将有60秒的时刻作答。
综上所述,在新托福口语的听力中,会存在十清楚显的规则,在考生听懂大方向的情况下,不难将讲座的outline找出。让咱们来看一篇新托福TPO真题。
So, let’s talk about money. What is money? Well, typically people think of coins and paper “bills” as money... but that’s using a somewhat narrow definition of the term.
A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with. Since many things can be used to make purchases, money can have many different forms. Certainly, coins and bills are one form of money. People exchange goods and services for coins or paper bills, and they use this money ... these bills ... to obtain other goods and services. For example, you might give a taxi driver five dollars to purchase a ride in his taxi. And he in turn gives the five dollars to a farmer to buy some vegetables...
But, as I said, coins and bills aren’t the only form of money under this broad definition. Some societies make use of a barter system. Basically, in a barter system people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services. The taxi driver, for example, might give a ride to a farmer in exchange for some vegetables. Since the vegetables are used to pay for a service, by our broad definition the vegetables are used in barter as a form of money.
Now, as I mentioned, there’s also a second ... a narrower definition of money. In the United States only coins and bills are legal tender—meaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment. The taxi driver must accept coins or bills as payment for a taxi ride. OK? But in the U.S., the taxi driver is not required to accept vegetables in exchange for a ride. So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment.
Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.
在此讲座中,教授在第一句话中就直接地指出讲座的中心内容—Money, 随后的内容环绕着对Money的界说打开。整个讲座叙说了Money的两种界说,一种是广义的,一种是狭义的。教授首要叙说了广义的钱的界说,并以租借车和菜农的两个具体的比方来说明广义钱的界说内容。随后叙说了狭义的钱的界说,相同,在给出了界说之后,教授仍然用租借车和菜农的比方来进行说明。
有了这样的一个outline后,考生需要获取出来的要害内容为:
-- A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with.
-- Coins and bills are one form of money.
-- In a barter system people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services.
-- So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment.
-- In the United States only coins and bills are legal tender-meaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment.
如考生可以捉住以上几句要害句,那么在联系了比方之后,就可以有一份非常完满的答案了。例如,归纳上述要害点,高分例文为:
The professor talks about two definitions of money, a broad one and a narrow one. By the broad definition, money is everything with which we can make purchases. For example, coins and bills can be money, because we can use them to buy goods such as vegetables and pay for services such as taxi. But in a barter system, vegetables can be money, because farmers can give drivers vegetables in exchange for a drive. By the narrow definition, in a society, the legal tender is money. For instance, in the US, drivers and farmers must accept dollars as payment. People can use dollars to pay for taxi and buy vegetables because dollar is the legal tender in the US. So, dollar in the form of coin and bill is money.
此范文逻辑清楚,并包括了讲座的各个方面,亦可为考生供给必定的关于界说类的模板:总起句引出论题--第二句讲两个下级分类--要害的界说及举例。一份无缺的答案需要包括文中所说到的各个方面。例如,在叙说广义的界说时,教授说到两个方面的内容--传统的纸币及硬币和在以物换物社会下的任何物品。假定考生没有触及到以物换物的钱的概念,那么答案将是不无缺的,没有办法得到较高的成果。
四、答题技巧
1. 避免原句照搬阅览和听力内容,恰当进行词汇和语法的替换。因为Task 6是需求考生复述听力讲座中的内容,因而很简略呈现考生直接原文复述所听所记内容的表象。要晓得这样是会对考生的成果发生必定的影响的,考生需要在总结出中心句的一起,对中心句进行必定的paraphrase。例如,听力原文的对话为:money is anything that people can use to make purchases with, 在范文中,被替换为money is everything with which we can make purchases。相同的一句话,同为定语从句规划,只是将介词的方位稍作改动,照常是秀丽的一句话。许多考生计在疑问:是不是同义替换要把一整句话悉数替换掉?其实不必定要一句话内没有一点点重合,朗阁中心分析认为,考生只需将原句中的一、两个词替换成自个的表达,现已算是高效的同义替换了。
2. 学会记笔记。在第六道题里,考生记笔记的才能显得尤为重要,因为没有过多的预备时刻,大大都考生会将自个记的内容稍加润饰就直接读出来,因而笔记的量直接影响了答复的内容。可是,就像听力里的lecture, 假定笔记记住过多,又可以会影响听后边的内容。那么大约如何记笔记呢?笔者在上文中说到,讲座的主题一般会呈如今第一句话,因而,在讲座一初步的时分,考生要聚精会神地去听中心概念,并用缩写记下要害术语,还要记下满足的信息来协助自个界说这个中心概念。可以某个专业术语听不理解,可是又重复了许多遍,那么就标示其发音,甚至用中文拼音将其记载下来,因为后边必定用得到。其次,考生需要记下支撑要害术语的比方或许实验的进程,一般有两个比方或许两个进程,将进程记住尽可以详尽。一起,因为听力的量比照大,考生需肄业会运用恰当的符号、箭头和缩写来结束自个的笔记。
此外,考生在备考的进程中,也需要多堆集可以加分的言语点,如:使役动词的用法。因为讲座需复述的内容较多,考生亦需要去堆集恰当的连词来使表达联接、有层次,以便构成高效的答案。
综上所述,想要前进托福口语Task 6的成果,考生需要在前进自个听力才能的一起,训练自个总结和记笔记的才能,这些都需要考生持之以恒的尽力以及深信自个会成功的崇奉。
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