中国政法大学870英语语言文学综合二考研详解——才聪学习网

1. When air is forced out of the lungs, it causes the _____ _____ to vibrate.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】vocal folds查看答案

【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。在大多数情况下，气流源自肺部，气流从肺中压出，引起声带的振动。

2. _____ is the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.（北二外2016研）

【答案】Displacement查看答案

【解析】本题考查语言本质特征的移位性。移位性指的是就内容或者思想的表达来讲，人类语言的使用是不受时空限制的，可以用于涉及真实的或者想象的，过去的、现在的或将来的事情。这不同于动物“语言”，因为大多数动物的“语言”需要“即时刺激控制”。

3. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is _______ and performance.（人大2006研）

【答案】competence查看答案

【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。

4. Phonetics is the study of ______ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.（北京邮电大学2015研）

【答案】speech查看答案

【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

5. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words.（中山大学2017研）

【答案】combinations查看答案

【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.

6. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the ______ it is associated with.（人大2007研）

【答案】meaning查看答案

【解析】语言具有任意性，其所指与其形式没有逻辑或内在的联系。

7. _____ is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.（北二外2016研）

【答案】Diachronic查看答案

【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的，共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的语言，描写语言的一个"状态",不管正在发生哪些变化。

8. When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】inflection查看答案

【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。

9. _____ is the name for oppositeness relation.（北二外2015研）

【答案】Antonymy查看答案

【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。反义关系就是相反的语义关系。

10. Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of _____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds.（中山大学2017研）

【答案】symbols查看答案

【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

11. When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather

than exchanging information or ideas, its function is _____ function.（北二外2015研）

【答案】phatic查看答案

【解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能。寒暄功能是语言最基本的一项功能。人们用寒暄语来营造一种气氛或保持社会联系而非交流信息。人们使用寒暄语就是为了缓和谈话双方的关系，同时使谈话双方从心理上得到满足。

12. In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______ words and ______ words.（南开大学2007研）

【答案】lexical, grammatical查看答案

【解析】从词所表达的意义划分，词可分为词汇词和语法词。

13. A _____ refers to each position in a tree diagram in TG where lines meet. In each of these positions is a symbol for a grammatical category.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】constituent查看答案

【解析】成分，作为一个术语，指的是用于句子结构分析的一个语言单位，它是一个比其更大的语言单位的一部分。几个成分共同构成一个结构体。

14. The ______ is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.（北二外2015研）

【答案】morpheme查看答案

【解析】本题考查词素的含义。词素是最小

的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。意思或语法功能的最小单位。

15. The type of stress which distinguishes words such as /'transpt/ from /tran'pt/ is known as _____ stress.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】word查看答案

【解析】单词重音是指一个单词内部重读音节和非重读音节的语调模式。

20. By ______, we mean the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.（北二外2014研）

【答案】duality查看答案

【解析】二重性是指两层结构的属性。底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。

21. ______ is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.（南开大学2007研）

【答案】Morphophonology查看答案