测控技术与仪器相关外文文献翻译中英文.doc

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中文标题：简便型电化学测量仪器的体系结构

文献出处：期刊*国际会计师联合会，第49卷，第25期，2016,页码：159-163

译文字数：3500多字

原文

、MichalPavlik

摘要

风扇架构概述和描述低功耗、低噪声电化学测量仪器。用于非现场测量的工程仪器的设计驱动程序被设计为一种便携式仪器，利用高精度实验室仪器对实验电化学技术要求或测量生物化学过程进行高可变性的测试。

关键词：专用集成电路，电化学测量，现场可编程门阵列，极谱法，恒电位仪，伏安法

一介绍

电化学技术的电压互感器广泛用于分析化学成分分析物。一个潜在的变化时间被应用于分析和相应的电流通过分析被测量。目的是确定成分的浓度来分析和表征化学活性成分（王(2006))。

不同的测量技术未使用的电压测量。每种技术都可以分析分析物的不同属性。近侧电压测量基本技术流体电压测量。在现有技术中，应用的电势线性变化时间（或电流)和电流持续测量并保存或进一步分析。

一个组件度量分析包含了一个进化图。更精确的结果可以实现。这个技术被称为十亿年电压测量(barandfaulkner(2001年)和王(2006).

我们开发了各种各样的软件来提高测量精度与近似电压测量进行了比较。总的来说，所有脉冲电压技术具有一些共性。脉冲再生具有定义的潜在步骤和定义的设置时间。持续测量（计时电流法)。一种不同的方法是在内部电流潜在脉冲（采样电流电压)之前通过分析定义的时间测量电流

etry)andthedependencyofthemeasuredcurrentontheappliedpotentialisobserved.Someofthemostimportantpulsevoltammetrytechniquesareaccording(BardandFaulkner(2001))areStaircaseVoltammetry(Fig.1b),NormalPulseVoltammetry(Fig.1c),SquarewaveVoltammetry(Fig.1d)andDifferentialPulseVoltammetry(Fig.1e).

TheACVoltammetryisatechniquetoanalyzeelectricalpropertiesofananalyte.Inthistechnique,anACpotentialmodulatedonachangingpotentialisappliedonanalyteandcurrentismeasuredandevaluated.ThetypicalcharacteristicoftheappliedpotentialintheACVoltammetrytechniqueisdepictedinFig.1f.TheamplitudeofthemodulatedACpotentialhastobesmallenoughtoavoidanyelectrochemicalchangesintheanalyte(i.e.reductionoroxidation),typicallyintheorderofmagnitudeofmillivolts(BardandFaulkner(2001)).TheunderlyingchangingpotentialcanbeapotentialramporstairsofDCpotentials.

TheElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyisatechniquesimilartotheACVoltammetryinthewaythatsmallACpotentialisappliedonananalyte.UnderlyingpotentialisholdconstantandthefrequencyofACsignalischangedintime,typicallyintherangefrom10-4to106Hz(BardandFaulkner(2001)).

ThePolarographycanbeunderstoodasasubclassoftheVoltammetry.Alltechniquesdescribedinthissectioncanbeutilizedinpolarographicmeasurements.Mercurydropelectrodesareutilizedinpolarographyinsteadofsolidstateelectrodesusedforvoltammetrytechniques.Therearetwotypesofmercuryelectrodes-DroppingMercuryElectrodes(DME)andStaticMercuryDropElectrodes(SMDE)(Barteketal.(2010)).

2ARCHITECTUREOVERVIEW

Thearchitectureofthemeasurementinstrumentproposedinthispaperwasdevelopedtofulfilrequirementsonhighaccuracyofameasurement,highvariabilityofgeneratedpotentialfunctionsandportabledesignoftheinstrument.

Ameasurementsetupiscomposedofthreeparts:themeasurementinstrument,acommandingPCwithadedicatedsoftwareandspecialelectrodesformeasurementofspecificpropertiesofananalyte.Detailsaboutthemostcommonelectrodesforeachtechniquedescribedinsection1canbefoundinBardandFaulkner(2001)orWang(2006).

AsimplifiedblockdiagramofthemeasurementinstrumentisinFig.2.Theinstrumentconsistsoftwomainpartswithadifferentlevelofageneratednoise.Ahigh-noiseareaoftheinstrumentcontainssupportcircuitryprovidesahighspeedcommunicationwiththecommandingPCviaUSBbus,poweringofthedeviceandbatteriescharging.ThispartoftheinstrumentispoweredfromtheexternalpowersupplyordirectlyfromtheUSBbus.Whenameasurementisnotinprogress,thebatteriesarechargedfromtheexternalpowersupplyorfromtheUSBbus.

Themeasurementcoreoftheinstrumentisimplementedinalow-noisearea.Thislow-noiseareaisgalvanicallyinsulatedfromthehigh-noiseareatopreventnoisepropagation.Severaltechniqueswereutilizedtosuppressagenerationofanoiseinthelow-noiseareaduringameasurement.Themostimportanttechniqueispoweringofthemeasurementcorefrombatteriesduringthewholemeasurement.Thisconceptprovidesseveraladvantages.Themostimportantadvantageisthatthepowersourceofthelow-noiseareadoesnotproduceanyintrinsicnoise.

Themeasurementcoreiscomposedofananalogsignalprocessingchain,acontroldataacquisitionpartandafunctiongenerator.Thecontroldataacquisitionpartandthefunctiongeneratorareimplementedinalow-powerFPGAtoprovideanadditionalsuppressionofnoisegeneratedbythedigitalcircuitry.

Theanalogsignalprocessingchainofthemeasurementcoreconsistsofthehighprecision20-bitsDACAD5791toconvertoutputoftheFunctionalGeneratorimplementedintheFPGA,two18-bitsADCsLTC-2328-18andalow-noisepotentiostatimplementedinacustomASIC.

Thelow-power,low-noisepotentiostatisthekeyanalogcomponentofthemeasurementcore.ThepotentiostatcircuitryisimplementedinacustomASICchipdesignedinONSemiI2T100technologyforthepurposeoftheproject(Pavliketal.(2016)).TheASICconsiststwomatchedoperationalamplifiersandaCurrent-to-Voltageconverter.Oneoftheoperationalamplifiersisusedasabuffertoapplyvoltageonauxiliaryelectrodeandthesecondoneisusedasafeedbackamplifiertosensevoltagefromthereferenceelectrode.TheCurrent-to-Voltageconverterinputsensitivityisadjustableandcanbesettorangesof:0.1,1,10,100,1000and10000μA.TheswitchingoftheoperationalrangeiscontroledbytheRangeControlLogicintheFPGA.Themethodsdescribedin(Pavliketal.(2013)andPavliketal.(2015))wereutilizedtoreduceswitchingglitchesduringchangingofthecurrentrange.

ThecontroldataacquisitionpartofthemeasurementcoreandthefunctiongeneratorareimplementedinthededicatedFPGAchip.AsimplifiedinternalblockdiagramoftheFPGAchipisshowninFig.3.

Thecontroldataacquisitionparthandlesthecurrentandthevoltagemeasuredbythetwo18-bitADconverters.Themeasureddataaretransferredviaafast8-bitparallelchanneltothesupportcircuitryandthenintothebufferinthecommandingPC.

AccordingtovaluessampledbytheADCinthecurrentfeedbackchannel,theinputcurrents